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    Home » Resources » General Studies-3

    General Studies-3

    Exams CornerBy Exams CornerJanuary 6, 2025Updated:January 6, 2025No Comments7 Mins Read0 Views
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    General Studies-3
    General Studies-3
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    General Studies-3

    (Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)

    • Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment.
    • Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it.
    • Government Budgeting.
    • Major Crops – Cropping Patterns in various parts of the country, – Different Types of Irrigation and Irrigation Systems; Storage, Transport and Marketing of Agricultural Produce and Issues and Related Constraints; E-technology in the aid of farmers.
    • Issues related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices; Public Distribution System – Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping; Issues of Buffer Stocks and Food Security; Technology Missions; Economics of Animal-Rearing.
    • Food Processing and Related Industries in India- Scope’ and Significance, Location, Upstream and Downstream Requirements, Supply Chain Management.
    • Land Reforms in India.
    • Effects of Liberalization on the Economy, Changes in Industrial Policy and their Effects on Industrial Growth.
    • Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
    • Investment Models.
    • Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.
    • Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.
    • Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio-technology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.
    • Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.
    • Disaster and Disaster Management.
    • Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism.
    • Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security.
    • Challenges to Internal Security through Communication Networks, Role of Media and Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges, Basics of Cyber Security; Money-Laundering and its prevention.
    • Security Challenges and their Management in Border Areas – Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism.
    • Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate.

    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

    Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development & Employment

    Planning

    • Meaning of Planning
    • Need for Planning in Economic Development
    • Imperative Vs. Indicative Vs. Structural Planning
    • Objectives of Planning
    • Indian Planning History
    • Techniques of Indian Planning
    • Achievements & Failures of Indian Planning
    • Shortcomings of Planning in India
    • NITI Aayog Vs. Planning Commission

    Mobilisation of Resources

    Agri Optional Students
    • Types of Resources – Financial, Human, Natural etc.
    • Need for Resource Mobilisation
    • Role of Savings & Investment
    • Government Resources – Tax & Non-Tax ( or Fiscal & Monetary Policy)
    • Banking Sector & NBFCs
    • Capital Market
    • External Sources – FDI, ODA etc.
    • Public Borrowing & Management of Public Debt
    • Challenges in Mobilising Resources for Development
    • Steps That Can Be Taken

    Growth & Development

    • Meaning of Development & Growth
    • Difference between Development & Growth
    • Determinants of Growth & Development
    • Importance & Limitations of Economic Growth
    • Jobless Growth
    • Pro-Poor Growth
    • Balanced & Unbalanced Growth
    • Dimensions of Development
    • Measurement & Indicators of Development
    • Approaches to Development:
      • Market-Based Approach
      • Role of State and Planned Approach
      • Mixed Economy Approach
    • Challenges to Development & Growth

    Employment

    • Nature – Rural vs. Urban, Formal Vs. Informal
    • Terms Related to Employment – Labour Force Participation Rate, Employment Rate, Working Age Population etc.
    • Sectoral Distribution of Employment
    • Quality of Employment
    • Causes of Lack of Employment
    • Restructuring of Workforce
    • Government Initiatives for Generating Employment
    Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It
    • What is Inclusive Growth?
    • Elements of Inclusive Growth
    • Need for Inclusive Growth
    • Indicators of Inclusive Growth
    • Challenges in Achieveing Inclusive Growth in India
    • 12th FYP & Inclusive Growth
    Government Budgeting

    Need for Government Budgeting

    Components of the Government Budget

    • Revenue Account – Revenue Receipts & Revenue Expenditure
    • Capital Account – Capital Receipts & Capital Expenditure

    Changes in Budgetary Process in 2017

    Measures of Government Deficit

    • Revenue Deficit
    • Fiscal Deficit
    • Primary Deficit

    Fiscal Policy

    Deficit Reduction

    FRBM Act

    Other Types of Budgets – Outcome, Zero-Based, etc.

    Land Reforms in India
    • Rationale for Land Reforms
    • Components of Land Reforms
    • Impact of Land Reforms
    • Problems in Implementaion of Land Reforms
    • Success of Land Reforms
    • Recent Initiatives – Land Leasing, Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement Act, etc.
    Effects of Liberalization on the Economy

    Phase of Liberalisation

    • Impact on Different Sectors of the Economy
    Changes In Industrial Policy & their Effects on Industrial Growth
    • Industrial Policy Before 1991
    • Industrial Policy After 1991
    • Phases of Industrial Growth
    • Linkage Between Economic Reforms and Economic Outcomes
    • Weaknesses and Failures of Industrial Policies
    • National Manufacturing Policy
    • SEZs
    • Make in India
    Infrastructure
    • Energy
    • Ports
    • Roads
    • Airports
    • Railways
    Investment Models

    Need for Investment

    Sources of Investment

    Types of Investment Models

    • Domestic Investment Models
      • Public Investment Model
      • Private Investment Model
      • Public Private Participation Investment Model
    • Foreign Investment Models:
      • FDI
      • FII, etc.
    • Sector Specific Investment Models
    • Cluster Based Investment Models

    Investment Models Followed by India

    AGRICULTURE

    Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country
    • Importance of Cropping Pattern
    • Types of Cropping Pattern
    • Reasons Why Cropping Pattern Differ
    • Factors Influencing Cropping Pattern
    • Emerging Trends in Cropping Pattern
    • Long-Run Effects of Current Trends in Cropping Pattern
    Different Types of Irrigation & Irrigation Systems Storage
    • Modes of Irrigation
    • Sources of Irrigation
    • Choosing an Irrigation System
    • Problems Associated with Irrigation
    • Progress of Irrigation Under Five Year Plans
    • Environmental Effects of Irrigation
    • Need for Systemic Irrigation Reforms
    • Need for a National Water Policy
    Transport & Marketing of Agricultural Produce & Issues & Related Constraints
    • Process of Agricultural Marketing – Marketing Channels, Functionaries, Costs, etc.
    • Role of FCI
    • Regulated Markets
    • Warehousing
    • Cooperative Marketing
    • Shortcomings of Current Agricultural Marketing Process
    • APMCs
    • National Agricultutral Market (NAM)
    • Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO)
    • Contract Farming
    • Futures Trading in Agricultural Commodities
    E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions
      
    Issues Related to Direct & Indirect Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices
    • Agricultural Pricing Policy
    • Rationale for Subsidies
    • Types of Subsidies
    • Effectiveness, Extent & Problems of Subsisies
    • Clash with WTO Agreements
    Public Distribution System Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping
    • Objectices/Significance
    • Functioning – Fair Price Shops, FCI, Ration Cards, Aadhar Linking, etc.
    • Shortcomings or Problems Associated with PDS
    • Need to Improve the Working of PDS
    • Measures to Improve the Loopholes & Lacunaes Associated with PDS
    • Steps Taken by Governement in this Regard
    Issues of Buffer Stocks & Food Security
    • Buffer Stock – Objectives & Norms in India
    • Impact of Government Procurement & Distribution
    • Need for Food Security
    • NFSM And othe Food Security Realted Government Initiatives
    Economics of Animal-Rearing
      
    Food Processing & Related Industries in India
    • Scope & Potential in India
    • Significance
    • Location
    • Constraints and Challenges
    • Upstream & Downstream Requirements
    • Supply Chain Management
    • Government Policies and Initiatives – SAMPADA, 12th FYP, etc.

    SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

    Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

    Chemicals in Food

    • Artificial Sweetening Agents
    • Food Preservatives

    Drugs

    • Antacid
    • Antihistamines
    • Neurologically Active Drugs
      • Tranquilizers
      • Analgesics
    • Antimicrobials
      • Antibiotics
      • Antiseptic and Disinfectant
    • Anti-Fertility Drugs, etc.

    Cleansing Agents

    • Soaps
    • Synthetic detergents

    Glass

    Water Softener

    Water Purification/Disinfection

    Microwave Oven, etc.

    Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology
    • Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
    • Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose
    • Satyendra Nath Bose
    • Meghnad Saha
    • Homi Jehangir Bhabha
    • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
    • A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
    • Vikram Sarabhai
    • Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
    • Har Gobind Khorana
    • Tessy Thomas
    • C.N.R. Rao
    Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology
    • IT & Computers
    • Space
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biotechnology
    • Robotics
    • Defence
    • Nuclear
    Awareness in Different Fields
    • IT & Computers
    • Space
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biotechnology
    • Robotics
    • Defence
    • Nuclear
    Issues Relating to Intellectual Property Rights
    • Need for Intellectual Property Rights
    • Types of IPR
    • IPR Regime in India
    • International Agreements Related to IPRs
    • Geographical Indicators
    • Recent Issues – Evergreening, Compuslory Licensing, Prominent Cases etc.

    BIODIVERSITY & ENVIRONMENT

    Conservation

    What is Biodiversity?

    Types of Biodiversity – Genetic, Species, Ecosystem, etc.

    Importance of Biodivesirty – Ecosystem Services, Bio Resources of Economic Importance, Social Benefits etc.

    Resasons for Loss of Biodiversity

    Conservation

    • In-situ & Ex-Situ
    • Eco-Sensitive Areas
    • Ecological Hotspots
    • National Guidelines, Legislations & Other Programmes.
    • International Agreements & Groupings
    Environmental Pollution & Degradation

    Types of Pollution & Pollutants

    Impact of Pollution & Degradation

    • Ozone Layer Depletion and Ozone Hole
    • Greenhouse Gas Effect & Global Warming
    • Eutrophication
    • Desertification
    • Acid Rain
    • Hazardous Waste, etc.

    Causes/Sources of Pollution & Degradation

    Prevention & Control of Pollution & Degradation

    National Environment Agencies, Legislations and Policies

    International Environment Agencies & Agreements

    Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
    • What is EIA?
    • Indian Guidelines & Legislations
    • EIA Process
    • Need & Benefits of EIA
    • Shortcomings of EIA in India
    • Measures to Make EIA Effective
    Disaster Management
    • Types of Disasters
    • Management of Disasters
    • Community Level Disaster Management
    • Governement Initiatives on Disaster Management

    SECURITY

    Linkages Between Development & Spread of Extremism
    • Factors Responsible for Spread of Extremism
    • Steps that State can Taken to Reduce the Spread of Extremism due to Underdevelopment
    • Naxalism
    Role of External State & Non-State Actors in Creating Challenges to Internal Security

    Threats from Non-State Actors

    • J&K Separatism
    • Left Wing Extremism
    • North East Insurgency
    • Terrorism in Hinterland & Border Areas
    • Right Wing Terrorism

    Reasons for Spread of Terrorism

    State Sponsored Terrorism

    Institutional Framework to Tackle Challenge of Internal Security

    • NIA
    • NATGRID
    • MAC
    • UAPA
    • TADA
    • POTA
    • NCTC
    Challenges to Internal Security Through Communication Networks
    • Role of Media & Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges
    • Challenges in Managing Social Media
    • Steps That can be Taken
    Basics of Cyber Security
    • Cyber Security
    • Threats to Indian Cyber Security
    • Steps taken by India
    • International Cooperation on Cyber Security
    • Cyber Warfare
    • Terms Associated with Cyber Security
    Money-Laundering & its Prevention
    • Process of Money Laundering
    • Impact of Money Laundering
    • Challenges to Tackle Money Laundering
    • Steps to Counter Money Laundering
    • Terms Related To Money Laundering
    Security Challenges & their Management in Border Areas
    • Challenges in Managing Border Security – Coastal & Terrestrial
    • Land Boundary Disputes with Neighbours
    • India’s Policy in Border Area Security Management
    Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism
    • Types of Organised Crime
    • Challenges in Controlling Organised Crime
    • Indian Context – Link between Organised Crime & Terrorism
    Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate
    • Central Armed Police Forces
    • Central Paramilitary Forces
    • Security & Intelligence Agencies – IB. R&WA, etc.

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